What happens after the Mexico City XVII International AIDS Conference 2008

Human Rights Violations, Gender Inequality, Stigma, Discrimination and Homophobia Lead to HIV:

What happens after the Mexico City XVII International AIDS Conference 2008?

Human rights violations, gender inequality, stigma, discrimination and homophobia were unequivocally identified as major, structural drivers of the global AIDS pandemic at the recently concluded XVII International AIDS Conference in Mexico City , August 3 – 8, 2008 (AIDS 2008). SASOD delegates, Joel Simpson and Namela Baynes-Henry, joined over 25,000 scientists, community and political leaders from around the world, region and country calling for “universal action now” to tackle these underlying drivers of HIV vulnerability and reverse the tide of the AIDS epidemic.

As part of SASOD’s participation at AIDS 2008, an abstract titled “Spectrum Health Net: reaching the invisible with holistic sexual health education” (see attached) was one of over 5000 presented at the conference, selected from over 10,600 submissions (another 2,742 appear on the CD-ROM only). This abstract was accepted for poster exhibition (photograph attached) under the cross-cutting theme “4 - Stigma, Discrimination and Social Justice.” The poster is available for download on SASOD’s website at http://www.sasod.org.gy/?q=node/112

In an effort to disseminate the knowledge and catalyze action, SASOD is convening a facilitated AIDS 2008 Debriefing Forum with Guyanese delegates who work in key, vulnerable sectors to provide feedback, find solutions and take collective action among local stakeholders to address these issues in the context of the AIDS epidemic in Guyana . The meeting will take place on Thursday, August 21, 2008 from 16:00 to 17:30 hrs at the CIDA PSU Main Conference Room, New Market and Main Streets, Georgetown . It is open to the public and any interested persons are invited to attend.

Programme participants include :-

Women and Girls

Lydia Fraser
Health Director
Guyana Red Cross

Young People

Norwell Hinds
Youth Focal Point
UNFPA Guyana

Sex Work

Miriam Edwards
Director, “One Love”
Kwakwani Sex Work

Sexual Minorities

Joel Simpson
Co-Chairperson
SASOD-Guyana

Role of the Media

Namela Baynes-Henry
Editor-in-Chief
First Look News

Facilitated Plenary Discussion

Dereck Springer
Chairman, Lifeline
Counselling Services

SASOD @ CARIFESTA X - 23 to 30 August, 2008

Vele kleuren, één regenboog/Many colours, one rainbow/Beaucoup de couleurs, un arc-en-ciel/Muchos colores, un arco iris

Please see main programme on our website

Painting the Spectrum 2008 : SASOD's Fourth Lesbian & Gay Film Festival

Painting the Spectrum 4 - Celebrating Love in all of its Diversity

June 2008 ,


Sidewalk Cafe, Middle Street, Georgetown Guyana
Programme starts at 7pm each night

Admission is FREE. All films are intended for mature audiences.



Special Events :

Tuesday 24 June, 2008

5pm at Red House, High Street, Georgetown
Public Lecture : MSM, HIV and Human Rights
by Milton Castlelen , Coordinator of the NAPS, Suriname

5 July : Kaleidoscope Party


Monday June 2
A Jihad for Love ( 12 countries ) DocumentaryA Film by Parvez Sharma, produced by Sandi Dubowski and Parvez Sharma
Filmed over 5 1/2 years, in 12 countries and 9 languages, "A Jihad for Love" comes from the heart of Islam. Looking beyond a hostile and war-torn present, this film seeks to reclaim the Islamic concept of a greater Jihad, which can mean 'an inner struggle' or 'to strive in the path of God'. In doing so the film and its remarkable subjects move beyond the narrow concept of 'Jihad' as holy war. (81 mins)

Read more..

Tuesday June 3
Imagine me & you (2005) Comedy/Drama
Rachel and Heck, long time friends and lovers, finally tie the knot, and during the celebration, Rachel starts a friendship with their florist, Luce. And while Rachel originally intended to match her new friend, Luce, up with her husband's friend, Cooper, she soon finds out that Luce is a lesbian. During the course of their friendship, Rachel starts to question her own sexuality. And though she comes to realize she may have feelings for her new friend, Rachel must decide who she will ultimately find the most happiness with: Heck, her new husband who is also adored by her family, or Luce, who has turned her life and everything she thought she new about love upside down. (94 mins)

Wednesday June 4
It's Still Elementary (USA) Documentary
In 1996, It’s Elementary, a documentary about secondary schools combating stereotypes of gays and lesbians in their classrooms, screened on the festival circuit and on PBS to great acclaim - and great controversy. This follow-up shows how the original film, which let the children do most of the talking, has helped to spread gay-straight alliances and educational outreach programs across schools all over the world. (60 mins)

Film donated by Groundspark



Monday June 9
Erik(A) (Austria) Documentary
Raised as a girl in a small town in the Austrian Alps and celebrated as the Women’s Downhill Champion in Portillo, Chile in 1966, Erika Schinegger’s career comes to an abrupt halt just before the Winter Olympics of 1967. The results of a newly instituted gender check cause an international sensation by pronouncing her a biological man. Disregarding the vehement disapproval of her family and the National Ski Federation, Erika elects to undergo gender completion surgery and assume what she feels to be her true identity. After the operation at 20 years of age, Erik begins learning to be a man. (86 mins)

Film donated by Kurt Mayer Films



Tuesday June 10
Dos Patrias : Cuba y la noche (Cuba/Germany) DocumentaryFramed by the beautiful poetry of the oppressed Cuban poet Reinaldo Arenas, this revealing documentary features memorable portraits of five gay men and one transsexual woman living in and around Havana. Their disparate stories and candid interviews dispel myths while demonstrating a range of experience, opinion and social status: A vibrant nineteen year old, Raudel attends illegal gay parties, since the government still cracks down on queer gatherings; Tomas is a former colleague of Arenas, still deeply in touch with the revolutionary spirit; A courageous and talented photographer, Eduardo explores the mythology of Cuban machismo through his work; Imperio is an HIV-positive drag artist performing in the illegal cabarets; Alexy is the son of a Communist official living under the radar on the Malecon; and Isabel is a transsexual woman whose triumphant spirit helps her survive in a hate-filled world.
It has been more than ten years since the success of films like Strawberry and Chocolate and Gay Cuba, so Two Homelands provides a fresh and important look at the present-day gay culture and community of an often misunderstood country that is still stuck in the past but also very dynamic and full of surprises. While exploring their contemporary struggle for sexual liberation, German director Christian Liffers offers intimate access to the private lives and the two homelands of these queer Cubans. Cuba is the country where they live, but the night is where they thrive. — COREY EUBANKS (84 mins)



Film donated by Christian Liffers
Wednesday June 11
Float (Bahamas) Short drama
Jonny, white Bahamian artist who faces loosing his scholarship, chooses to escape for a weekend island trip where he meets a young man named Romeo. Together these two embark on a series of adventures that inspire Jonny to paint and force him to let his guard down and explore real intimacy without fear. (34 mins)

Donated by Director Kareem Mortimer

On the Downlow (USA) Documentary
Noted independent filmmaker Abigail Child returns to her documentary roots in this collective portrait of bisexual African-American men in Cleveland.With the subtle cinematography of Arthur Jafa (Daughters of the Dust, Crooklyn), Child rejects mainstream tendencies to cast the men as merely deceptive. The opening epigraph by Ralph Ellison - "I am invisible, simply because people refuse to see me" - connects the men’s experiences of racism with their experiences of homophobia. (54 mins)

Film donated by Thirdworld NewsReel and Abigail Child



Saturday June 14th
Special event : The film maker workshop


Monday June 16 : The Short Delights
Director Erica Eaton will be in attendance
Fine and Dandy
A woman whose thoughts and actions are controlled by 1885 social etiquette is struggling to find happiness through self help books and videos. Through this she hopes to attract the attention of a potential female suitor.
Time will Tell
What do you talk about when you are not ready to say goodbye? Daylight savings always passes the time.
Omphalitis
‘Omphalititis’; a fetish with the Belly Buttons or is it? We follow three people who all believe they have ‘omphalititis’ as they come out to their families and then to the world during the Berlin Pride Festival
These listed above were donated by Fully Flared Films


The following shorts have been organised through Erica Eaton
Baptism by Marilyn Freeman
Nude Ascending Staircase by Bridget Irish
The artist is both filmmaker and model in this short performance-based parody piece featuring a nude woman climbing a flight of stairs while pushing a large wood dresser up before her.
"Not Quite?" by Liz Richards
This hand-processed film poetically explores the space between male and female, and the difference between sex and gender

UN/BECOMING BEAUTIFUL, 2006 by Teresa Brazen (Video, 6 minutes)
" “Who we are never changes. Who we think we are does.”
Mary S. Almanac
“Un/Becoming Beautiful” explores self-image through the negative internal dialog that takes place about one’s own appearance. In this performance-based video, I am looking directly into the camera as if it is a mirror, sans makeup, while reciting an anxious litany of “I am beautiful” or “I am not beautiful.” The viewer goes on an emotional journey with me as I become critical of my looks, applying makeup to enhance my beauty, ultimately feeling even less attractive. By the end I have removed my makeup again and embrace the true beauty underneath. Most women dislike their natural state and feel that painting their faces with makeup makes them more beautiful.
I wanted to explore what the reverse would feel like; if I felt beautiful just as I am. My intent is to provoke the viewer to think about their own self-image amidst a society that tells us all we aren’t beautiful enough. "
ONE TINY LITTLE SECRET, 2006 by Teresa Brazen (Video, 2 minutes 27 seconds)
This short video artwork explores three different relationships to secrets: hiding, destroying and revealing. Through images of hands interacting with a tiny envelope containing a secret, the video examines what we do with our secrets and what they do to us. Which has more power: the keeper of the secret or the secret itself? To reinforce this theme, the visual perspective vacillates between that of the "secret keeper" and the secret. In one moment the viewer watches hands cup around the envelope; in the next, those same hands seem to be enveloping the viewer, turning them into the secret.
Ultimately, who is hiding whom? Who is destroying whom? Who is revealing whom?

Jared Pappas-Kelley is a writer and artist working primarily with durational media. His work seeks out the challenge of unintentional audiences, often melding sculpture, performance, and media based elements into projects that are then inserted into everyday life. For the last several years he has published Toby Room magazine featuring interviews with contemporary video artists. His direction of the non profit, ArtRod, has led the organization to be recognized as a leader in public and new media work. Pappas-Kelley earned his BA from The Evergreen State College in Olympia, Washington and is completing his MFA in writing and theory at Goddard College in Vermont. His work is in the collection of Tacoma Art Museum and other private collections. He was a 2007 Fellow of the Atlantic Center for the Arts. www.pappas-kelley.com

Some Say She Lost Her Head (0:2:42) explores ideas of interior life in contrast with exterior experience and cultural isolation. It re-constructs 2.5 seconds of found film footage by L. Frank Baum (author of The Wonderful Wizard of Oz) from the early 1900s, which had been long discarded. Working like an archeologist without a Rosetta Stone, this film cobbles together a contained experimental universe based only on the information found in the original. The process was a meditation on unfolding one limited fragment into a lyrical exploration of identity and other.

Little Deaths (0:1:56) is a short genre play combining lesbian prison movies with the cliché of queer monsters. The plot is simple: a woman bakes a gun into a cake to smuggle to her girlfriend in jail. What happens next is anyone’s guess. This short short is set to the rock stylings of seminal lesbionic band the Need.

The following films are by Erica Eaton :

I Live... is an experimental documentary that relates the High School experiences of 12 LGBT youth in the greater Rochester, NY area. This video was made in collaboration with the youth that appear in the piece, and others that appear in the credits.






Collected Meanderings: Chapters 1-3

Chapter 1: Network TV Made Me A Lesbian is a story about the being thrust into the world of media consumption. I grew up on PBS, but once I entered school I became aware of network TV. I had grown accustomed to the "subversive" nature of public television. I thought that people all believed that boys and girls were equal, that all people were equal. I believed that I could travel all over the world and learn anything I wanted to. The switch to network TV meant I had to work harder to find the contraband. There were still subversive possibilities, but I had to figure out where to look and what to look for.

Chapter 2: Uncoordinated: Swimming Upstream is the tale of a young girl stuck in a small town trying to figure out how she can fully express herself.

But I want to play baseball... is the third chapter in a series of video essays. In this segment the teen years approach and expectations change.




Michael Lent is an interdisciplinary artist and curator. He works mainly with video, installation, and drawing but also encompasses photography, performance, and sound. His work deals with gender and feminist issues, gossip and fashion, corporeal politics and queer theory, art history, and contemporary culture. He is interested in reconciling digital technologies and color representation with traditional artmaking practices.

Lent earned his BFA from Tyler School of Art - Temple University in Philadelphia and is completing his MFA work at Goddard College in Plainfield, Vermont. He has shown extensively throughout the United States and Italy. He is the curator and creator of several interactive media projects including the Tollbooth Gallery, which has most recently been featured in Public Art Review and in the Contemporary Art Start (CAS) project of the Museum of Contemporary Art, Los Angeles. www.michaellent.net

October Fire was shot during the Southern California wildfires that burned for several weeks in October 2007. It begins as a letter of sorts from the artist to his partner describing the changes in landscape. It explores the reaction and behavioral changes of local residents to the environmental impact of the air and ocean.


Tuesday June 17
The Truth about Jane (Drama, 2000)
Jane, a high school teenager, tries to deal with the discovery that she is a lesbian after developing an intense friendship with another girl who makes her discover her true sexuality, which is only the start of Jane's troubles when Jane's unaccepting mother, Janice, struggles with his surprising revelation of brought forth by her only daughter. (87 mins)


Wednesday June 18
Bob and Jack's 52 year adventure (USA) Documentary
A half century ago an Army sergeant started going out with his commanding officer. Their romance grew and then grew too obvious. Rumors became anonymous tips to headquarters. They avoided court-martial by confronting the troops in their unit. The two men came out by confronting the troops in their unit. They've been together ever since...
Bob & Jack's 52-Year Adventure is the true self-told story about the kind of lifelong love we all hope for and the equal rights two men who are still in love will now need to survive. (41 mins)

Donated by Director Stu Maddux
God only knows: Same Sex Marriage (Canada ) (Documentary)


The documentary God Only Knows: Same Sex Marriage consists of two very different men changing lives for a period of time in order to gain an understanding of each other. A deeply religious father and a homosexual minister decide to exchange lifestyles, with all of their activities captured by director Brent Kawchuck. (63 mins)

Film rights donated by Joe Media TV




Monday June 23

The Gymnast (USA) Drama
The stunning Dreya Weber stars as a former top gymnast who discovers love and a new life path when she teams up with a dancer (played by former L.A. Lakers cheerleader Addie Yungmee) for an ambitious Las Vegas aerial act show. A visually compelling film that challenges notions of both ability and identity, THE GYMNAST is foremost a story about hope and taking the necessary risks to fully become yourself (96 mins)

Film donated by Lunar Fish Productions . Read more...









Tuesday June 24
Dirty Laundry (2006) Comedy
After ten years, Sheldon returns from New York City to Paris, Georgia. His mother Evelyn, a laundress who is stubborn, ornery, opinionated, mean-spirited, insulting, and inflexible, has sent a ten-year-old boy who says he's Sheldon's son up to see Sheldon. Sheldon comes home to straighten things out. Old arguments flare up - between mother and son and between brothers. Sheldon wants no part of fatherhood or family. Then, someone else from New York shows up at Evelyn's door, bringing a new set of challenges. Will this family ever stop airing its dirty laundry? And what of Sheldon: where is his pride? Can he, in the words of James Baldwin, go where his blood beats and live the life he has? (100mins)


Wednesday June 25
Curiosity of Chance (USA) Comedy
An already 'out' and eccentric teenager recruits a bizarre circle of friends made up of two oddball outcasts, a straight jock he's crushing on and a drag queen, to help him bring down the homophobic bully threatening his would-be peaceful, high-school existence (98 mins)

Donated by Bigfoot Entertainment







SASOD thanks :-

All of the Directors and producers who donated films
Erica Eaton
Richard Fung
Jason St Laurent, InsideOut Toronto Lesbian and Gay Film and Video Festival
Keimo Benjamin
Colin Robinson
Juan Pique
Jennifer Davis

OAS renews hope with “Human Rights, Sexual Orientation, and Gender Identity” resolution

In the framework of the celebration of the 60th anniversary of the Charter of the Organization of American States, the 38th General Assembly of the OAS approved by consensus the resolution AG/RES-2435(XXXVIII-O/08) “Human Rights, Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity”(see below), presented by the Brazilian delegation.s

After 3 days of intense negotiation and an impressive diplomatic mobilization, for the first time in the history of the hemisphere the words sexual orientation and gender identity appear on an official document approved by consensus by the 34 countries of the Americas. This text recognizes the serious human rights violations faced by individuals based on their sexual orientation and gender identity. This unprecedented document in the region was the result of consensus, including the English-speaking Caribbean countries whose legislation still criminalize consensual sexual activity between adults of the same sex.

Society Against Sexual Orientation Discrimination (SASOD) joinsthe Caribbean Forum for Liberation of Allo-sexualities and Genders (CARIFLAG) in welcoming the resolution and notes the good intentions of American and particularly Caribbean states regarding the issue of homophobic violence. The organisations hope that with time and a process of education, in accordance with the Universal Declaration of Human Rights the rights of all citizens to freedoms without distinction to race, colour, sex, language, religion, political or other opinion, national or social origin, property, birth or other status will be affirmed and protected. In this regard, SASOD and CARIFLAG sees the resolution as renewing hope that the dialogue on violence based on sexual orientation and gender identity can be advanced within a framework where the basic rights of all citizens of the Americas, including gays and lesbians in the Caribbean, to live in free, fair and life-affirming societies are recognised.
The resolution represents a step forward in the working process for the approval of an Inter-American Convention against Racism and All Forms of Discrimination and Intolerance, whose negotiation will continue next year. The current draft already includes sexual orientation and gender identity and expression as protected categories.
These achievements are the results of a collective working process started at the end of 2006 by Global Rights, Mulabi - Espacio Latinoamericano de Sexualidades y Derechos and IGLHRC – Latin America and the Caribbean (International Gay and Lesbian Human Rights Commission), aiming at strengthening the participation of the regional Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Transsexual, Travesti and Inter-sex (LGBTTTI) movement as component of the civil society within the OAS.

In this frame, from the 29th to the 31st of May, more than 20 activists of different sexual orientations and gender identities and expressions from 16 countries of Latin America and the Caribbean met in Medellín to work on a strategy for participation and visibility in this quintessential moment of the political life of the OAS. This event was possible thanks to the support of Global Fund for Women, Astraea Lesbian Foundation for Justice, IGLHRC, Global Rights and MULABI.

On May 31^st the informal dialogue between the Secretary General of the OAS José Miguel Insulza and civil society took place: within this space the LGBTTTI groups had the chance to intervene three times, and one of the interventions was applauded by the audience. The Secretary General took in great account the issues raised by the activists, underlining the question of the resolution presented by Brazil and the importance of the participation of the representatives of our Coalition in this process.

Fourteen year-old Camilo Rojas of Colombia, read the declaration of the Coalition (see the text below). The document, making reference to the topic of the Assembly “Youth and democratic values”, highlighted the situation of human rights violation suffered by LGBTTTI children and youth. The declaration obtained the applause of the civil society participants as well as the official delegations, and was circulated in English and Spanish to the heads of delegations.

AG/RES. 2435 (XXXVIII-O/08)

Members of the LGBTTTI movement and allies attending the 38th session of the General Assembly of the OAS:

Belissa Andia (Instituto Runa – Secretaría Trans ILGA, Peru)

Caleb Orozco (United Belize Advocacy Movement, Belize)

Camila Zabala (Aireana, Paraguay)

Camilo Rojas, Sentimos Diverso, Colombia)

Cindy Loren (GATTA, Brazil)

Claudia Spellmant (Colectivo Travesti de San Pedro Sula, Honduras)

Edmilson Medeiros (Red Afro LGBT y Articulação Politica das Juventudes Negras, Brazil)

Germán Rincón Perfetti (Asociación. Lideres en acción, Colombia)

Javier Minnota Minnota (AfroAmérica XXI, Colombia)

July Betances (Colectiva Mujer y Salud, Dominican Republic)

Marcelo Ferreyra (IGLHRC, Argentina)

Marina Bernal (Mulabi, Mexico-Colombia)

Michel Riquelme (Organización de Transexuales por la Dignidad de la Diversidad, Chile)

Natasha Jiménez (Mulabi, Costa Rica)

Sandra Montealegre (Mesa Joven por la Diversidad Sexual, Colombia)

Sara Hoyos (Independent Activist, Colombia)

Silvia Martínez (Red LAC/Trans, Nicaragua)

Stefano Fabeni (Global Rights, USA)

Tamara Adrian (DIVERLEX, Venezuela)

Tatiana Cordero (Taller Comunicación Mujer, Ecuador)

Maurice Tomlinson (Jamaica AIDS Support for Life, Jamaica)

(Society Against Sexual Orientation Discrimination SASOD, Guyana)

HUMAN RIGHTS, SEXUAL ORIENTATION, AND GENDER IDENTITY

(Adopted at the fourth plenary session, held on June 3, 2008)

THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY,

REAFFIRMING:

That the Universal Declaration of Human Rights affirms that all human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights and that everyone is entitled to all the rights and freedoms set forth in that Declaration, without distinction of any kind, such as race, color, sex, language, religion, political or other opinion, national or social origin, property, birth, or other status;

That the American Declaration of the Rights and Duties of Man establishes that every human being has the right to life, liberty, and the security of the person;

CONSIDERING that the OAS Charter proclaims that the historic mission of America is to offer to man a land of liberty and a favorable environment for the development of his personality and the realization of his just aspirations;

REAFFIRMING the principles of universality, indivisibility, and interdependence of human rights; and

TAKING NOTE with concern acts of violence and related human rights violations perpetrated against individuals because of their sexual orientation and gender identity,

RESOLVES:

1. To express concern about acts of violence and related human rights violations committed against individuals because of their sexual orientation and gender identity.

2. To request that the Committee on Juridical and Political Affairs (CAJP) include on its agenda, before the thirty-ninth regular session of the General Assembly, the topic of “Human rights, sexual orientation, and gender identity.”

3. To request the Permanent Council to report to the General Assembly at its thirty-ninth regular session on the implementation of this resolution, the execution of which shall be subject to the resources allocated in the program-budget of the Organization and other resources.

MEDELLIN DECLARATION OF THE COALITION OF LESBIANS, GAYS, BISEXUALS, TRAVESTI, TRANSSEXUALS, TRANSGENDERS AND INTERSEX ORGANISATIONS OF THE AMERICAS[1].

Mister Secretary General, Ministers, Members of the Official Delegations, Civil Society Representatives,

We, the lesbian, gay, bisexual, travesti, transsexual, transgender and intersex organizations, convened in Medellin, Colombia on May 29, 30 and 31, 2008, in accordance with directives established by the General Assembly of the OAS in its resolutions AG/RES.2092(XXXV-O/05); CP/RES.759(1217/99); 840(1361/03); AG/RES.1707(XXX-O/00) and AG/RES.1915(XXXIII-O/03), which determine a regulatory framework to enhance and strengthen civil society participation in OAS activities and in the Summit of the Americas process, are concerned that in the draft declaration of Medellín “Youth and democratic values” there are no references to sexual orientation and gender identity and expression, even though they were part of the recommendations from the civil society meeting in Washington, from the 10th to the 14th of March, 2008.

Our reality as youth is characterized by the violation of the right to life; we are victims of torture, genital mutilations, forced medical surgery and sexual violence. Our rights to health, education, identity, work and participation are denied. We are constantly victims of stigmatization and exclusion in our families and in society as a whole. Our visibility and the right to our social and legal identities are also denied. All these rights violations are caused by social, cultural and religious prejudices that destroy our dignity as citizens.

All our rights are systematically violated in all countries of the hemisphere.

Since this reality contradicts the essence of the democratic values of the OAS, we recommend:

• That Member States recognize the existence of diversity in sexual orientation, gender identity and expression among young persons. This includes recognizing the rights to change name and sex in our legal documents without requiring genital mutilation.
• That Member States promote the respect for diversity in sexual orientation, gender identity and expression in education and media to build a just, equitable and inclusive society.
• That Member States ensure, especially to youth, full access to education, health, employment and occupation without discrimination; in case of rights violations within families and communities of origin to provide services sensitive to the needs of young persons
• That Member States repeal all criminalizing and discriminatory legislation, and promote cultural, social and institutional changes which are aimed at preventing and punishing discrimination and violence, and thereby fully guaranteeing our rights.
• That the General Assembly approves the draft Resolution CP/CAJP-2626/08 “Human Rights, Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity” presented by the Brazilian Delegation, whose initiative we fully endorse. At the same time we urge all Member States to support the above mentioned resolution.
• That the General Assembly approves the draft Resolution AG/doc4794/08 “Draft Inter-American Convention against Racism and all Forms of Discrimination and Intolerance” and that Member States commit themselves to finalizing the negotiation of the draft accepting the substantive progress achieved during the past year.

We believe that, as long as discrimination and intolerance against lesbians, gays, bisexuals, travesti, transsexuals, transgenders and intersex continue unpunished in our societies, there will neither be democratic values for youth, nor will there be democracy for all.

[1] The link to see the video is:

http://www.oas.org/OASpage/videosasf/2008/06/ROJAS_sociedadcivil_1junio%20019.wmv

Homophobia: Impeding access to health education and services in Guyana

SASOD joins with other organisations and countries (including Cuba and Costa Rica) around the world to
commemorate May 17 as International Day Against Homophobia. This day is the anniversary on which the
World Health Organisation removed ‘homosexuality’ as a mental disorder marking a formal end to medical
homophobia.


This year, SASOD observes International Day Against Homophobia under the theme “Homophobia: Impeding
access to health education and services for all Guyanese.”


A community consultation recently held by the Youth Friendly Services programme at the Adolescent Unit of
the Ministry of Health revealed that persons faced discrimination based on their perceived or actual
sexual orientation and gender identity at the hands of health care workers and auxiliary staff when utilising
the public health system. Access to health services in Guyana can be improved by providing anti-homophobia
training for health care workers and auxiliary staff to mitigate same-gender and HIV-related stigma. As the
quality of client services improve, Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender (LGBT) Guyanese will gain
confidence that the public health system does not house homophobic prejudices and allow discriminatory
practices.    



Detrimental effects of homophobia on HIV health promotion also affect all Guyanese. Heterosexuals
still often shun the benefits of HIV education for its ‘gay’ stigma while LGBT Guyanese are driven
underground, away from critical life-saving information. It is with this in mind that the Spectrum
Health Net project was designed to cater for the invisibility of many to targeted prevention
programmes. While web-based dissemination is useful where literacy is adequate and internet accessible,
without meaningful face-to-face engagements, we lose a powerful tool in providing AIDS services, including
HIV prevention. 



Recent reports received by community advocates of young men being raped by other men in and around the
capital city and the reluctance of male victims to report these heinous crimes to the police and access
victim support services, including Post-Exposure Prophylaxis for HIV, also point to the urgent need for
law reform and health services to address sexual and gender-based violence. Reforming the law on sexual
offences should include provisions to ensure that male victims of rape are not re-victimised by health care workers and police who have a mandate to ensure that
all cases are rigorously investigated and prosecuted.
In addition, these crimes further underscore the priority for repeal of section 351 of the Criminal Law
Offences Chapter 8:01 which criminalises consensual sex between adult men in private and only serves to
reinforce same-gender stigma and anti-social prejudices. 



SASOD acknowledges the support of the Ministry of Health, National AIDS Programme Secretariat and the
World Bank through the Guyana AIDS Prevention and Control Project, administered by the Health Sector
Development Unit, in supporting the development and implementation of the Spectrum Health Net project.
Recognising the role that homophobia plays impeding access to health services and education, Spectrum
Health Net was designed to provide holistic Information, Education and Communication materials
primarily through web-based formats which include special pages for Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and
Transgender (LGBT) people. This project has resulted in the development of the website at
http://www.sasod.org.gy and other supporting materials which will be launched at 15:00 hrs on Monday, May 19,
at the National Library Conference Room on Church Street, Georgetown.

SASOD's comments on UNGASS Country Progress Report for Guyana

Guyana's UNGASS Country Progress Report is available from Guyana's National AIDS Programme website

Programmatic Response

The approach to health promotion targeting vulnerable sub-populations of gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men (MSM) is still based on narrow, technical public-health strategies of outreach and referral to “friendly” services. The programmatic response needs to be holistic by improving the quality of client services across the board through training to mitigate same-gender and HIV-related stigma by addressing homophobia among health care workers. Once services become and are know to be client-friendly, there will be less need to invest in “targeting MSM” as Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual and Transgender (GLBT) communities in Guyana would gain confidence that the public-health system does not house homophobic prejudices and allow discriminatory practices. Training and sensitization of providers is specifically mentioned as a recommendation in the HIV-AIDS Behaviour Change Communication (BCC) Strategy for Guyana 2006-2010 (see pg. 37).

Prevention

The fourth aim of the 2006 and 2007 campaigns is stated as “reaching high risk groups,” under which the vulnerable sub-populations of gay, bisexual and other MSM are classified. As stated in the BCC Strategy document as well, it is categorically clear that stigma and discrimination drive MSM away from health care seeking behaviour, which includes testing for HIV. To date there have been no BCC campaigns to address what is probably the gravest barrier to universal access among MSM, that is, mitigating stigma and discouraging societal discrimination which often accompanies these homophobic prejudices. The suggestion that “a focused effort on increasing access to condoms by high-risk groups with the strategic placement of condom vending machines at high traffic locations, for example, bars and clubs” (UNGASS Country Progress Report, pg 22) is an effective BCC strategy in a cultural environment in which stigma against same-sex practices, sex work and sex among youth are widespread is unsatisfactory.

Ironically enough, the National Blood Transfusion Service (NBTS) is one of the public-health institutions which promote homophobia by stigmatizing ‘men who have sex with men’ and ‘women who have sex with women(WSW)" as prohibited groups for blood donation. The fact that WSW, who are considered at low risk for HIV infection, is listed provides irrefutable evidence that the NBTS policy is rooted in same-gender stigma which was common early in the epidemic (when AIDS was considered the ‘plague’ for homosexuals).

SASOD and the Guyana Rainbow Association (Guybow) have raised these concerns in official correspondence with the Head of NBTS and the Minister of Health (copied to UNAIDS and PAHO/WHO) to which we have received no reply. For good practices in this area, we need not look further than our fellow CARICOM member state, St. Lucia, where potential blood donors are asked about the number of sexual partners in their sexual history, and are not questioned about the gender of their partners.

It is noted that while programmes aimed at benefiting other vulnerable sub-populations have began to take shape only “some work has been done with MSM.” It is also of concern that narrow, public-health approaches of peer education and outreach seem to be the programmatic response to HIV among MSM. SASOD would like to emphatically state that health-promotion programmes which do not address the political, legal, social, economic and cultural factors of marginalization and exclusion that create vulnerability and thereby put MSM at risk will only have minimal impact as the benefits of increased HIV awareness can only be sustained in socio-cultural environments which facilitate behaviour change by supporting same-sex practicing men. It is also noted that there are plans to fully implement the MSM programme in 2008. SASOD anxiously awaits to see the approach of this programme and how it will involve in design and implementation gay, bisexual and other MSM and those who work with GLBT communities.

Major Challenges and Remedial Actions

Despite the horrendous statistic of 21.2% HIV prevalence among MSM from the BSS (2005) and Guyana’s poor-track record of meaningfully responding to the epidemic among MSM, the UNGASS Country Progress Report limits its challenges to “general discrimination against PLHIV” and does not include the real challenge of same-gender stigma as well. As such the recommend remedial actions are technical responses which will only create more programmatic structures, which need coordination and support, and do not reverse the epidemic. SASOD encourages a more holistic approach to responding to the epidemic which addresses the political, legal, social, cultural and economic conditions that allow the epidemic to flourish in Guyana.

Submitted to the Guyana National AIDS Committee
March 2008
email : sasod_guyana@yahoo.com

Leadership is Needed to Denounce Homophobic Violence in Jamaica

(Photographs of event held outside the office of the Jamaican Consul in Barbados on 14 Feb, 2008)


Society Against Sexual Orientation Discrimination (SASOD) – Guyana is deeply concerned over the continuous acts of violence towards Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual and Transgender (GLBT) persons in Jamaica. The recent mob attack on January 29 in Mandeville by some 20 persons against 4 young men they believed to be gay is the latest of a repeated pattern of vigilantism towards men and women in Jamaica motivated by a disapproval of their sexual identity or gender expression. It reaffirms the perilous climate towards life and liberty that violence is creating across the Caribbean region. It also calls profoundly into question our transformation as a region, with independence, into modern, inclusive democracies, and our success in moving ourselves beyond the violence and vicious inequities of slavery, indentureship and colonialism.

The lack of response and official silence by state institutions and authorities has significantly contributed to this ongoing problem. Governments have a moral responsibility to ensure all are protected by law and none are excluded from equal protection. The absence of public policy and law reform to deal with hate crimes rooted in homophobia and to prevent all forms of violence and discrimination serves to breed these rampant homophobic attacks.

As Guyanese we know too well the ruinousness of mob violence that targets people based on diversity and the social disintegration such violence sows for everyone. It is especially heartbreaking to our vision of post-independence Caribbean democracy when such violence targets those already hated, excluded and marginalised by stigma and prejudice.

What good are our own governments if they fail repeatedly to protect citizens from mob lynching and slaughter? What good are religious leaders if they struggle to condemn killing and maiming others? The silence of both political and religious leaders in both word and action sends signals to the masses that they can be judge, jury and executioner in attacking, persecuting and lynching individuals whether perceived or known to be gay. This has fermented an unstable environment of rabid homophobia and virulent intolerance in Jamaica reflected and amplified in the lyrics of some dancehall performers who glorify the lynching and killing of homosexuals in their music.


Why does the Caribbean cling tenaciously to slavery-era laws written from the same pens as the ones that institutionalized ownership and trade in human beings? Why does a country where female sexuality is ruthlessly glorified in public imagery feel such a compelling need to police consensual sex between adult men? People use the existence of these laws to justify personal and group lynchings of those who offend their sense of appropriate sexual or gender-based conduct, and pretend this is the exercise of some moral authority.

It is past time for the Jamaican government to act like one. SASOD calls on Prime Minister Bruce Golding, all of Jamaica’s state institutions and authorities, who have by word and inaction significantly contributed to this ongoing problem, to intervene aggressively to protect all Jamaicans from violence and discrimination, particularly on the basis of sexual orientation and gender identity. It is time for Jamaica’s political parties to stop electioneering over who can be more backward in promising to preserve institutional homophobia.

Violence in Jamaica is an enormous problem with the island nation stained with the highest per capita murder rate in the Americas. This epidemic of violence is certainly not limited to those perceived to be gay, and is not an easy problem for the best of governments to address. But simple acts of political will and voices of leadership can go far in reversing the neglect of the government in allowing a climate of violent intolerance towards homosexuality to persist. Send a clear message that violence against people whose sexual behaviour or gender expression you don’t like is criminal and prosecute it as vigorously as any other crime, instead of advising that they should ‘hold their corners.’ Embrace efforts to decriminalize sexual behaviours that have no victims. Even if these efforts would yield little result, a responsible and unbiased government would at least try them.

Jamaica’s people are brilliant, resourceful and play a unique role in the region’s history, politics and sports. But any claim she has to leadership of the Caribbean is excised by her growing regional and international reputation as a symbol of anti-gay violence ignored. Jamaica must reverse this disturbing trend if she is to re-gain her place as an island paradise in the Caribbean.

Signatories on behalf of SASOD:

Joel Simpson, Stacey Gomes, Vidyaratha Kissoon, Namela Henry, Jermaine Grant, Dion Small, Kelvin Broughton, Reyana Mc Kenzie, Keimo Benjamin, Kesaundra Alves and Anton Rocke.

SASOD Statement on Bartica murders

SASOD extends condolences to the relatives and friends of the murdered victims of the attack on Bartica. SASOD also extends condolences to the relatives and friends of University of Guyana student, Dennis Edghill Jr. It is mind-boggling that although there were so many witnesses, the police have made no arrests as yet or requested information on the location of the suspect of this blatant murder.
This recent attack in Bartica seems to be aimed at demoralising a police force which is ill-equipped to cope with this level of crime. There have been many calls for reform of the Guyana Police Force and now more than ever, these calls must be taken seriously and action must be taken on implementing the recommendations of the various reports which dealt with reforming our disciplined forces. The Guyana Police Force should be able to request the assistance it needs to investigate these crimes and bring the perpetrators to justice.
SASOD recognises that there is a desire for revenge, and urges that this desire should not cloud thorough and systematic investigation of the crimes. The human rights of persons who are being questioned should not be violated.
The opening of lines of communication between the Government and other stakeholders is welcomed. SASOD urges all Guyanese to support initiatives aimed at constructive discussion and at promoting communal healing.

Statement on Lusignan atrocities

SASOD extends its condolences to the families and
loved ones of the six children and five adults killed
in Lusignan on Saturday morning. We urge that full
support is given to the persons who survived this
massacre, especially the children.

As a society, we seem to have dealt with the violence
which escalated since 2002 on the East Coast by
becoming desensitised to the news of murders which
happen far from us. The more gruesome pictures in
sections of the print media have done little to
galvanise change, but rather it has allowed us to
become dispassionate about murder and violence. There
seems to be little improvement in the capacity of the
security forces to bring the perpetrators of crime to
justice.

Not only has crime grown more sophisticated, but the
pathology of the criminals seems to indicate total
disregard for life and a savagery which seems to have
caught the society completely off guard. The security
forces should then receive all support in order to
deal with this extremity of murder and violence and
should be able to request that support from within and
outside of Guyana.

In a society in which our diversity has been
manipulated to pit us against each other, SASOD urges
all Guyanese to use the expressions of our collective
anger and grief to continue to advocate for the
changes needed in our society to ensure that all
citizens can enjoy a safe and secure life.

STATEMENT BY A GROUP OF CONCERNED CARIBBEAN CITIZENS CALLING FOR FULL AND PUBLIC REVIEW OF THE CARIFORUM-EC ECONOMIC PARTNERSHIP AGREEMENT (EPA)

SASOD has joined with the group of citizens calling for a review of the recent EPA
We note with interest the recent statement by President Bharrat Jagdeo of Guyana in which he observed that the Caribbean stands to gain little from the Economic Partnership Agreement (EPA) recently negotiated with Europe. President Jagdeo stated that the agreement was concluded against the backdrop of a threat that tariffs would be imposed on Caribbean exports of sugar, bananas and manufactured goods to the European community as of January 1st 2008 if the region did not meet the timeline of December 31, 2007 -- the date when the Cotonou Agreement was set to expire. He suggested that the shift from the principle of preferential trade to one of reciprocity introduces a new set of challenges that the Caribbean is ill equipped to face.

We welcome the candour with which President Jagdeo has now raised several issues that have so far been overlooked by other government leaders, officials and negotiators in the public discussion of the EPA to the extent warranted by the far-reaching consequences of the legally and permanently binding articles of the agreement. We believe that the Caribbean public was not kept fully abreast of the potential implications of the EPA for the course of the region's economic relations, not only with Europe, but with all other trading partners as it may become a blueprint for future trade negotiations. It is regrettable that Caribbean governments and responsible officials did not keep the public better informed about the progress of the negotiations and the 'bullying' and 'broken promises' by Europe to which the President of Guyana referred. We believe that opportunities must be found to remedy this deficit in the future, and that the situation calls for full disclosure, for public explanation of the shortcomings as well as any anticipated benefit of the EPA, and for open participation in a discussion of its implications for our economies and for the livelihoods of our peoples.

It is our understanding that the EPA is due to be signed by Cariforum Ministers on March 15 and to be provisionally applied from April 1. After that, Caribbean countries will be locked in for all time to the provisions of this legally binding instrument. It will be very difficult, and in all likelihood very costly, to amend the EPA after it comes into force. We are urgently proposing that more time and opportunity be provided for a full and public review of the EPA in order that all its aspects are explained and understood and relevant objections taken into account.

January 18, 2008.

Signatures

Andaiye, Red Thread, Guyana

David Abdulah, President, Federation of Independent Trade Unions and NGOs (FITUN), Trinidad and Tobago

Association of Development Agencies, Kingston, Jamaica

Hazel Brown, Coordinator, Network of NGOs of Trinidad and Tobago for the Advancement of Women

Caribbean Association for Feminist Research and Action (CAFRA) Regional Secretariat, Trinidad and Tobago

Komal Chand, President, Guyana Agricultural and General Workers Union

Flavia Cherry, National Representative, Caribbean Association for Feminist Research and Action (CAFRA) – St. Lucia, ASPIRE St. Lucia and the St. Lucia National Organization of Women

Annalee Davis, Independent Visual Artist, Barbados

Dr. Norman Girvan, Professorial Research Fellow, Institute of International Relations at the UWI, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago

Dr. Cecilia Greene, Sociologist, Dominica/USA

Cathal Healy-Singh, Environmental Engineer, Rights Action Group, Trinidad and Tobago

Dr. Claremont Kirton, Head, Department of Economics, University of the West Indies, Mona, Jamaica

Josanne Leonard, Caribbean Cultural Industries Network

Dr. Patsy Lewis, Senior Fellow, Sir Arthur Lewis Institute of Social and Economic Studies, University of the West Indies, Mona.

Dr. Brian Meeks, Professor of Social and Political Change, Director, Centre

for Caribbean Thought, Department of Government, University of the West Indies, Mona.

Ian MacDonald, writer, past Chief Executive Officer of the Sugar Association of the Caribbean

Dr. Woodville Marshall, Emeritus Professor, University of the West Indies

Dr. Debbie Mohammed, Specialist, International Trade and Competitiveness

Shantal Munro- Knight, Snr Programme Officer Caribbean Policy Development Centre

Dr. Dennis Pantin, Head, Department of Economics, St. Augustine Campus, University of the West Indies, Trinidad and Tobago

PAPDA (Haitian Advocacy Platform for an Alternative Development)

Dr. Kari Polanyi-Levitt, Emeritus Professor, McGill University, Montreal

Dr. Rhoda Reddock, Social Scientist, Trinidad and Tobago

Regional Executive Committee of the Assembly of Caribbean People (ACP)

Cecil Ryan, Managing Director, Projects Promotion Limited, St. Vincent and the Grenadines

Sir Ronald Sanders - Business Executive, Writer and former Ambassador to the WTO

Dr. C. Y. Thomas, Distinguished Professor, University of Guyana

Dr. Alissa Trotz, Sociologist, University of Toronto

Judith Wedderburn, Coalition for Community Participation in Governance (CCPG)

Dr. Michael Witter, Department of Economics, The University of the West Indies, Mona, Jamaica

Submission made on the reform of the sexual offences legislation

“STAMP IT OUT” Strengthening protection against sexual violence and reforming the law on sexual offences
Comments and recommendations from the Society Against Sexual Orientation Discrimination
(SASOD)

1. The Ministry of Human Services, Labour and Social Security has embarked on a consultation on the reform of the legislation pertaining to sexual offences in Guyana.
Proposals for reform are located in a consultation paper called “Stamp It Out: Strengthening
Protection against Sexual Violence and Reforming the Law on Sexual Offences.”

2. The Society against Sexual Orientation Discrimination (SASOD) is a non-governmental organisation based in Guyana. In 2006, the Society against Sexual Orientation Discrimination had joined with other civil society organisations across the country and individuals to call for the reforms which are expanded in the consultation paper.

3. SASOD therefore endorses the spirit of the recommendations which are in the document and summarised in Annex 2 of the document. There are concerns about aspects of the reform and proposals are made to deal with these issues in this submission. These proposals are grouped under these headings :-
A) Establishing the Age of Consent as 18 years
B) Decriminalising of consensual same-sex activity in private
C) Eliminating stigma of male victims of rape
D) Enforcement of the reformed legislation

A) Establish the Age of Consent as 18 years for both females and males
The proposals for Age of Consent are discussed in para. 87 and other places of the document.
SASOD believes that the age of consent should be raised to 18 years for both males and females and furthermore, that there should not be any criminalising of sexual activity between young persons with a three year difference in ages when either party is above the age of consent.
SASOD had joined with the Age of Consent Coalition in 2005 and the following points were made:

• Age of consent legislation has always been about the age at which children can enter consenting sexual connections with adults. It is not about the age at which adolescents should initiate sexual activity.

• Raising the age of consent is a measure to increase protection, particularly of girls, to predatory approaches by adults, usually men, whether these are exploiting poverty, manipulating immaturity or adults trafficking under-age girls.

For all the reasons listed below, the organizations in the Age of Consent Coalition, which deliberated on three occasions, agreed to raise the age to 18 years which is recognized as the point at which the children reach the age of majority.

In order to avoid the application of penalties proposed for sexual predators to consenting under-age teen-agers, SASOD further proposes that sexual connections between young people within a three- year age range of each other should not be liable to criminal penalties. This should also include when one person is over the age of consent.

Any interventions required by the State as a result of such activity should be of a welfare or probation character. Like under-age smoking or drinking, under-age sexual activity should be discouraged but not criminalized. With this proviso there is no sound argument for not raising the age of consent as high as possible.

Summary Arguments In Support Of Raising AOC to 18 Years

• 18 conforms to the Convention on the Rights of The Child definition which the Guyana courts must now take into account following the constitutional reform (Art.154)
• 18 makes a clear distinction between adulthood and childhood
• 18 is the age of majority for other decisions of responsibility – right to vote, dispose of property, obtain passport. Public health benefits with respect to the prevention HIV, other STIs and teen-age pregnancy from encouraging delayed sexual.activities
• Protection against physical and emotional health consequences for children
• Deterrence of the commercial sexual exploitation of children

B) Decriminalise consensual same-sex activity in private

4. SASOD notes that in reforming the laws on sexual offences, the Ministry of Human Services proposes not to discuss consensual same sex activity. The Ministry proposes to retain s. 351 of the Criminal Law Offences Act Cap. 8:01 as it is presently constructed.

5.The continued presence of s. 351 in its present construction is a violation of the human rights to privacy, equality, non-discrimination and health. In Toonan v. Australia1, the UN Human Rights Committee found that the right to privacy under the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, which Guyana has signed, ratified and directly incorporated into our Constitution, was breached by laws which criminalise private homosexual acts between consenting adults, noting that:

“… the criminalisation of homosexual practices cannot be considered a reasonable means or proportionate measure to achieve the aim of preventing the spread of HIV/AIDS… by driving underground many of the people at risk of infection… [it] would appear to run counter to the implementation of effective education programmes in respect of HIV/AIDS prevention.

6. The Yogyakarta Principles are a set of principles on the application of International Human Rights Law to issues related to sexual orientation and gender identity.3 These principles were developed by a group of international human rights experts convened by the International Service for Human Rights and the International Commission for Jursists. Principle 6 on the right to privacy recommends that States shall:

“Repeal all laws that criminalise consensual sexual activity among persons of the same sex who are over the age of consent, and ensure that an equal age of consent applies to both same-sex and different-sex sexual activity.”

By denying a natural expression of human sexuality, criminalisation of consensual activity between adult men in private under s. 351 demoralises gay and bisexual men and robs them of their dignity and self-respect.

7. The reluctance of the Government to urgently deal with the s351 in this reform panders to homophobia and heterosexism in Guyana which are rooted in colonialism and based on constructions of masculinity and femininity which subordinate women and exclude and persecute homosexuals. Homophobia and the misogyny which fuels sexual violence against women and girls are inextricably linked and s. 351 offers a space in the law to locate those anti-social prejudices which contravene human rights protections for all citizens of Guyana.

8. Homophobia is often based on fear of the male being perceived as feminine and male rapists often use rape of women to reinforce perceptions of aggressive, heterosexual masculinity, while in some cases of male-male rape, the act of raping is concurrent with a perception of the 'feminising' of the male victim. Hegemonic masculinity is enforced by condemning homosexuals who are viewed as transgressing gender norms and through the possession, and objectification of women. The outcome is that ‘real men’ oppose homosexual men, abuse, rape, and neglect women in order to prove their masculinity. In this way, homophobia can be considered as an effort to maintain the bipolar system through which women are devalued.1 Homophobia therefore affects all men, and not just gay men, and is rightfully viewed as a gender prejudice more than a sexual one, which it is generally assumed to be.2

9. Popular culture is replete with examples which reinforce these anti-social prejudices. For instance, dancehall artist Beenie Man, in his song, “Weeping and Moaning” preaches the following to his listeners: “You nuh see pressure man a get outa man/ Every nite Peter him wine pun Devon/ Hold hotty-boy and bun(burn) dem one by one/ Look pon Patsy, Suzette and Yvonne/ Look how de gal-dem sexy and tan/ I charge fi’ rape Suzanne/ More than go a prison/ Fi’ wind pon Jonathan.” Feminist researcher, Tara Alturi assesses Beenie Man’s disturbingly-clear message, which should concern all policy-makers and state-managers seeking to eliminate sexual violence:

“In order to proclaim heterosexual masculinity, in order to protect himself from falling prey to homosexuality, the character/singer performs masculinity by objectifying, demeaning and in its most brutal form raping women. This is a perfect example of the way in which homophobia enforces a reiteration of masculine hegemony in expressions of sexual violence against women.”3

10. Statutes criminalising sexual activity between consenting adult men in private, even though they may not be enforced, their continued existence and threat of enforcement legitimizes stigmatization of homosexuals and this can undermine the response to HIV and AIDS. According to the National Assessment on HIV/AIDS Law, Ethics and Human Rights in Guyana prepared by Arif Bulkan, “criminalisation encourages secrecy, which in turn prevents the exchange of information. Whereas heterosexual young men and women freely discuss heterosexual practices and may learn about safe behaviours, such opportunities are lost in relation to homosexual behaviour.”1

11. Bulkan also admonishes that the constant threat of enforcement can be used to persecute marginalised communities of men who practise same-sex desire in Guyana. Renowned regional sociologist Dr. Robert Carr documents the experience of gay Jamaican communities in his work on ‘judgements,’ where high levels of violence, particularly against working class gay men – are
meted out by members of their families and communities and tolerated, even encouraged, by the police and government. According to Carr, “The [Jamaican] security forces, according to the informant’s testimonials, interpret the laws banning sodomy to mean the identity itself is illegal. The law thus becomes an umbrella under which they feel free to harass, single out, and threaten men they perceive to be gay or who state that they are gay.”1 Carr notes that the influence of dancehall culture cultivating avenues of sanctioned violence has emerged from Jamaican ghettoes and penetrated other countries in the region. He continues: “The violence described here in working class Jamaica is thus becoming embedded in regional culture and in the psyches of other countries.”2 Bulkan warns that “even though similar levels of violence do not exist in Guyana, instances of homophobic violence are not unheard of and it is therefore important to confront this phenomenon before it takes hold.”3 Bulkan’s caveat is instructive and should be cause for urgent concern to state-managers seeking to curb gender-related violence.

12. Although s. 351 in relation to consensual, sexual behaviour in private may not be presently enforced, it is unhealthy to keep laws which are routinely violated on the statute books for this breeds disrespect for authority and is generally inimical to the rule of law and good governance.

C) Eliminating stigma of male victims of rape

13 .Part of the stigma for male victims of rape stems from the fact that the law in Guyana stigmatises consensual sexual activity between men in private. Male victims of rape are often stigmatised by society and themselves as objects of a ‘homosexual attack.’ While the gender-neutral definition of rape is commendable and welcomed as part of the reforms needed, the utility of the proposed reform is severely undermined by the very existence of s. 351 on the statute books which reduces same-sex practising men to unapprehended criminals in Guyana. As Caribbean gender law scholar Tracy Robinson states, “in this heterosexist paradigm, the sexual violation men experience by other men ranks no different from consensual sex between men – they are both categorised as perversion – and therefore the former does not feature as a serious social issue, and rape by men as a distinctive feature of women’s lives is slowly neutered.”4

14. Police procedures should recognise the particular social and cultural environment which would limit male victims of rape in the prosecution of rapists. Male victims of rape have special needs which must be addressed.

15. Male victims of rape have reported visible signs of arousal and even involuntary ejaculation during rape. These bodily responses are noted as being physiological and sometimes and involuntary response to the pressure on the prostate gland. Some rapists also force their victims to ejaculate so as to reinforce the perception that ejaculation means an orgasm.5 Consent shall not be inferred from these responses. There must be provisions which are clear that 'signs' of arousal or ejaculation should not be introduced as consent from any victim.

16.The sexual orientation of male victims of rape should not be brought into any case as a reason for the defence of rapists.

D) Enforcement of the legislation

SASOD is concerned that there are no provisions to ensure that the legislation when passed, is enforced. The framework for the proposed reforms is comprehensive, and will require political will to acquire the resources at Ministerial and Judicial levels especially. There must be a committment to ensuring that all provisions are adhered to and that all systems are put in place to ensure that there is protection from sexual violence.


References

Atluri,Tara, “When the Closet is a Region: Homophobia, Heterosexism and Nationalism in the Commonwealth Caribbean,” Working Paper No. 5, Centre for Gender and Development Studies, UWI Cave Hill, 2001.

Bulkan, Arif. “National Assessment on HIV/AIDS, Law, Ethics and Human Rights in Guyana,” National AIDS Committee, 2004.

Carr, Robert. “On ‘Judgements’: Poverty, Sexuality-based Violence and Human Rights in 21st Century Jamaica,” Caribbean Journal of Social Work, Vol. 2 (2003)

Groth, Nicolas A et al, “Men Who Rape: The Psychology of the Offender”, 2001

Plummer, David and Simpson, Joel. “HIV-AIDS and Caribbean Masculinities” in Financing Gender Equality; Commonwealth Perspectives 2007.

Robinson, Tracy.“Fictions of Citizenship: Bodies without Sex and Effacement of Gender in Law” (1999) 7 Small Axe 1

Toonan v. Australia. Communication No. 488/1991. Official Records of the General Assembly, 49th Session, Supplement No. 40 (A/49/40), vol. II, annex IX EE.

Official Website of Yogyakarta Principles: http://www.yogyakartaprinciples.org/principles_en.htm


30 December, 2007 – corrected 2 January, 2007
Prepared and submitted by: Society against Sexual Orientation Discrimination (SASOD)

Reports on SASOD's presentation to Human Rights Day Symposium held on 10 December, 2007

His report is from Kaieteur News of 14 December, 2007

Homophobic lyrics infringe on right to life

Danielle Campbell

Homophobic lyrics belted out by Jamaican artistes, who are noted for their extremely anti-gay stance, has been described as an infringement on a fundamental human right to life.

This is according to a SASOD Representative who was making a presentation at the Human Rights Symposium held at City Hall on Monday.

The forum was in observance of the 60th Anniversary of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) and was held under the theme, “What Difference Has It Made?”

The representative said that though persons hold varying theories on the issue of sexuality, living with diversity is one of the truest spirits of human rights.

He stated that SASOD’s work is premised on the view that, “All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights” as guaranteed under Article (1) of the UDHR.

He stressed that since homophobic lyrics calls for the killing and maiming of gays, then it is an infringement of their fundamental rights to life.

“Article (4) of the UDHR guarantees the right to life yet in minibuses and at State-owned venues, Jamaican artistes and Guyanese deejays are allowed to whip up frenzy to “Bun batty man”, a reference they claim to their biblical teachings.

“One CD has a DJ who intersperses his ‘bigging’ up of Carib Beer and GiftLand with calls to ‘kill all chichi man’,” the representative said.

He observed that many private sector entities sponsor events where deejays and artistes violate human rights of gay people by calling for their destruction.

“The private sector – GT&T, Digicel, Buddy’s, Ansa McAl, others, have no problem supporting these calls to kill homosexual people, not only in music but on the internet…,” the SASOD member noted.

A recent discussion thread on the website “GuyanaPalace.com” was seen with the heading, ‘Should gays be allowed to live?'.”

The discussion on that Guyana Palace forum has shown a range of opinions including one person’s confusion.

That person said, “Can the name of this thread be changed somewhat so as not to make it seem that anyone who disagrees with homosexuality is not frowned upon as someone who wants to ‘kill’ homosexuals? The name of this thread is just too distasteful in my opinion.”

According to SASOD, the name was later changed to “Homosexuality”.

He pointed out that it is possible to request of some minibus operators to change the music from those calling on listeners to kill homosexuals.

“I urge those of you who use minibuses to try that. While all of us here will speak on the rights we expect, all of us also have duties towards those who for one reason or another cannot achieve their full potential in our society.

“We all have an obligation towards each other to ensure that our common humanity is nurtured.”

The SASOD representative remarked that true human rights can only be achieved when the State disallows teachers to beat students, when domestic violence is given the same urgency as other crimes, when HIV positive persons are accepted for employment; when disabled persons are assured decent work, when drug kingpins are caught instead of the poor who carry small portions of drugs, when there are economic and fiscal policies which ensure a decent quality of life, and when democracy becomes fully inclusive and participatory at all levels.

The right to privacy secured under (Article 10) is denied by Section 351 of the Criminal Law (Offences) Act which seeks to criminalise sexual activity between consenting male adults and which is preserved as an offence like rape.

The right to work in (Article 23) is the most affected among the economic rights as many persons in Guyana are discriminated against in employment because of their perceived sexual orientation, and are too scared to raise these issues in the public domain for fear of further victimisation.

According to SASOD, in March, the Ministry of Health, the Guyana Teachers’ Union and the National AIDS Programme Secretariat posited a moot for a debate entitled “Teachers who are homosexual/lesbian should not be allowed to teach”.

He questioned whether teachers are discriminated against due to any other factor including their gender, ethnicity, religion or otherwise.

The SASOD representative argued that the right to a standard of living adequate for health and well-being is also at conflict with discriminatory practices within the healthcare system where for example, specific HIV interventions with men who have sex with men are driven underground.

He detailed that the right to equal protection of the law without any discrimination is denied by omitting sexual orientation from Article 149 of the Constitution.

“We lost the opportunity in 2001 and then 2003 to improve our human rights legislation when the President and the Parliament succumbed to the homophobia of sections of the Christian and Muslim communities rather than side with the calls for reason and tolerance articulated by other sections of the religious community and civil society,” the SASOD representative detailed.

In November 2007, the Yogyakarta Principles were presented to the United Nations. The Yogyakarta Principles are a set of principles on the application of International Human Rights Law in relation to sexual orientation and gender identity.

They were developed by a group of human rights experts including judges, academics and a former UN High Commissioner for Human Rights.

Article (1) asserts that people are endowed with reason and conscience, and should therefore act towards each other in a spirit of brotherhood.

“Let us then commit to education, frank, and open dialogue and to listen to each other… SASOD salutes those individuals and organisations whose work epitomises that the inherent dignity and the equal and inalienable rights of all members of the human family are the foundation of freedom, justice and peace in the world,” the Representative stated.

The text was also full printed in Dayclean , Vol 1 No 5 of 14 December, 2007.